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Новичок вышел — а работать нечем: ни ноута, ни доступов, ни пропуска. Крайним делают HR, хотя готовили не они. Показываем, как навести порядок, стащив рабочие приёмы у айтишников.

Я несколько месяцев мониторю, как ChatGPT, Perplexity, Gemini и «Алиса» отвечают на вопросы про бренды и продукты. И почти сразу упёрся в путаницу, которую тащат из классического SEO: считается, что «попасть в ответ ИИ» — это когда нейросеть поставила ссылку на твой сайт в списке источников. Ссылка есть — победа, ссылки нет — провал.

На практике это две разные вещи, и меряются они по-разному. Есть цитата (citation) — сноска, ссылка на страницу как на доказательство. И есть упоминание (mention) — когда модель называет бренд прямо в тексте ответа, без всякой ссылки. Дальше я разберу на публичных данных двух исследований (Ahrefs и Profound) плюс на собственном замере, почему упоминание важнее цитаты и почему оптимизировать имеет смысл именно под него.

Ndodana Mkhanyisi Tshuma, 45, is believed to have left UK for Zimbabwe before bodies of his family were discovered

A man suspected of murdering his wife and two daughters near Bedford has been urged by police to hand himself in after fleeing to Zimbabwe.

Nothabo Zandile Tshuma, 42, known as Zandile, and Natalie, 15, and Nala, five, were found dead in their £1.3m detached house in Carnoustie Drive, Great Denham. Police forced entry to the house on Monday after receiving reports the family had not been seen for days.

The Frenchman is a footballer, flautist and a thespian. There’s no question he is the most thrilling and compelling figure at this year’s tournament

This has been the World Cup of characters, bold fashion statements, and bantz: we’ve had Thomas Tuchel rubber-banding around the England dressing room like a teen at his first all-ages rave, and Iván Barton booting Miguel Almirón from the field as if sentencing him to death. Mauricio Pochettino and his $500 overshirt have brought fresh energy and inspiration to the wardrobes of convex middle-aged men the world over. Jokester Javier Aguirre’s avuncular “fuck you” at Anthony Gordon has pushed bilateral relations between Mexico and England to their warmest point since the British-brokered peace that ended the Pastry War of 1839.

Erling Haaland has shown it’s possible to be Jaws in front of goal and Scooby Doo once the ball is in the back of the net, that there’s nothing about football so important that it can’t make way for some silly bit of online comedy. Even Harry Kane, a man who often seems like he was media trained in the womb, has squeaked thrillingly, if briefly, to life.

Хабр, привет! Меня зовут Илья Благородов, я занимаюсь разработкой уже более 30 лет, а ещё я — один из экспертов онлайн-магистратуры «Фронтенд-, бэкенд-разработка и ИИ-решения» ИТМО в партнёрстве с Яндекс Практикумом. Сегодня хочу поговорить о том, как правильно выбирать инструменты для разработки, почему разбираться в разных инструментах — не равно уметь их правильно применять и что с этим делать.

The climate case against beef is now almost boringly well-established: It is, by far, the most carbon-intensive food in the world, amounting to about 6 percent of all global greenhouse gas emissions. But cows don’t just become burgers and steaks. They also become shoes, bags, couches, and car interiors — products often marketed with a very different story about sustainability.

Leather has often been defended in the fashion industry as an essentially harmless by-product of meat production — a waste material that would otherwise be thrown in the trash. But if you think about it, that assumption is kind of weird: The global leather market is valued at hundreds of billions of dollars annually, and hides are an important revenue stream for cattle producers. We wouldn’t say that paper is a waste product of timber production just because the most valuable parts of the tree are used for lumber. Likewise, animal hides help support extra profits for cattle farming and also carry a share of that industry’s emissions and other planetary impacts. 

A recent meta-analysis published in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering reveals that cow leather’s carbon footprint is much larger than we thought: 70 percent larger than previous estimates. Using the study’s emissions estimate, Vox calculated that a men’s leather wallet would carry the emissions equivalent of roughly four American-made beef burgers; a leather tote bag, meanwhile, might be comparable to roughly 35 burgers. 

Pound for pound, the researchers estimate, bovine leather emits more than 12 times as much as vegan leathers made from materials ranging from synthetics like polyurethane — mass-market pleather — to next-generation fungi– and plant cellulose-based leathers. 

Mikaila Roncevich, the study’s lead author and a graduate student in the department of fiber science and apparel design at Cornell University, cautioned me that there’s still some uncertainty in the precise numbers due to gaps in the data on global cattle and leather supply chains. But the core insight of the paper for consumers remains the same. “If [leather’s] footprint is shocking or seems high to people, I think it should be a push to keep reflecting on the impact of raising animals for products,” Roncevich said. Leather may benefit (along with wool and other animal-derived materials) from a natural image, but on closer examination, it helps sustain one of the world’s most polluting, environmentally destructive industries.

Why leather’s carbon footprint has been so underestimated

The climate impact of beef and other foods has been relatively well documented — and covered exhaustively in outlets like this one — thanks in part to a landmark 2018 paper that consolidated and compared data for about 40 of the world’s most popular agricultural goods. But “much less attention has been paid to impacts of textiles and materials that originate from [these] farms,” Matt Hayek, an associate professor in NYU’s department of environmental studies and a co-author of the ACS study, told me. With the new paper, the first peer-reviewed meta-analysis of leather’s overall greenhouse gas emissions, the researchers hope to help bring leather the same kind of scrutiny that’s been applied to the food system.

When one industry produces several different saleable products — such as the meat, hides, and other materials derived from cattle — researchers must decide how much of that industry’s emissions should be assigned to each product. There are multiple methods for doing this, but one common one is to use each co-product’s relative economic value. The new paper’s estimate for leather’s carbon footprint comes in so much higher than earlier estimates partly because of the authors’ more accurate global accounting of emissions attributable to animal hides.

Many previous studies of leather’s carbon footprint have relied on the EU’s environmental footprint accounting guidelines for leather, which assume that animal hides are responsible for a tiny share of the environmental burden of cattle farming. That is because, in Europe, dairy and meat production are closely intertwined, with most cattle herds being used for both milk and beef. The European guidelines that have informed many estimates of leather’s emissions recommend allocating 88 percent of cattle’s environmental impact to dairy, and 12 percent to all products coming from the slaughtered animal carcass, which includes mostly beef, but also hides. The downstream result is that hides are treated as responsible for just 0.42 percent of the animal’s total farming footprint — essentially a rounding error.

But that assumption travels poorly to other parts of the world, including the US and other top producers of bovine hides destined to become leather, where most cattle herds are not used for dairy. In Brazil, the world’s cattle-farming capital, only a small share of cattle are dairy animals. Most cattle there are raised for their beef and hides, and demand for leather from the US and other rich countries has helped drive deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, which gets cut down to make room for cattle rearing.  

To correct for the “Eurocentric view” used in past research, as Roncevich called it, the team used data from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization to more accurately trace global cattle herds — accounting for differences between beef and dairy herds and calculating the emissions associated with them in different regions. To determine what share of those emissions should be assigned to leather, they then used estimates of the economic value of animal hides in different parts of the world. As a global weighted average, they found, bovine hides actually make up about 8.1 percent of the total value of the animal at slaughter. 

That might not sound very high, but, the authors argue, it’s significant enough to meaningfully shape the cattle industry. “Leather is a valuable co-product that impacts decisions during the cow’s lifetime,” Roncevich said. Farmers bring animals into the world according to demand for their products — and consumer demand for leather likely means that global cattle herds are larger than they would be otherwise. 

I consulted agricultural economist Richard Sexton, an emeritus professor at UC Davis, for his thoughts on that analysis. The 8.1 percent economic allocation to cattle hides “sounds roughly right,” he told me in an email, but he’s skeptical that even a collapse in demand for leather would have a major impact on global cattle populations. He predicts that such a scenario would result in “a new equilibrium with a somewhat smaller herd size and slaughter volume, but nothing drastic or extreme.” 

What comes after leather?

Beyond the wonky questions about carbon accounting, this research taps into a more visceral debate in the fashion world and our broader culture: the pervasive assumption that what comes from nature must be better for nature. But what seems natural is not necessarily good. 

That message is often especially anathema in fashion media and influencer circles, where natural fibers, including animal-based ones, are widely extolled. “There’s definitely such a gut reaction that people have when they hear the terms ‘natural’ versus ‘synthetic,’” said Roncevich, who is also a designer of accessories made with animal-free materials. (Of course, there is little that’s natural about cattle ranching or preserving animal skins so that they don’t readily biodegrade.)

Many shoppers believe animal leather is more durable than synthetic alternatives, which could partially offset its much higher carbon footprint if it means people need to replace shoes, bags, or jackets less frequently. That can be true, particularly when the synthetic leathers most readily available to consumers are the cheap, thin kind that can crack and peel after relatively little use. There is also concern about the damage of introducing more plastics-based products into the environment. But the reality is far more complicated than a clean quality binary between slaughter-based and synthetic leather (the former can fall apart, too, and is often made more durable with plastic-based finishes). Animal leather has plenty of toxic baggage of its own, from the chromium salts and other pollutants generated by tanneries to the manure runoff and water pollution associated with cattle ranching.

All of the non-animal leathers evaluated in the meta-analysis had a much lower carbon footprint than bovine leather — and the category is no longer limited to fossil fuel-derived pleathers. Startups are now developing leather-like materials from mycelium, cactus, pineapple leaves, apple pomace, and other bio-based materials. But for these materials to become more than niche alternatives and scale affordably, they’ll need continued innovation. 

I suspect people’s feelings about natural and synthetic materials have less to do with a rational weighing of impacts than with the cultural meanings and class signals attached to them. But those signifiers aren’t immutable. Some large companies like Apple have started to ditch animal-derived leather materials, and the study’s authors call for more brands to invest in bio-based leather alternatives. For that to succeed will demand a bit more of us as consumers, too: to be a little more open-minded about what vegan leathers can be, and more clear-eyed about the harms of the real thing.

Melissa Hirsch contributed additional research to this reporting.

Мы собрали training‑free детектор галлюцинаций из шести готовых языковых моделей, получили хорошие метрики и наткнулись на красивую загадку: группу примеров, которые все судьи единогласно считали корректными, хотя эталонная разметка помечала их как галлюцинации.

На первый взгляд это выглядело как универсальная слепая зона LLM‑as‑judge — переносимый и потенциально важный результат. Однако собственная процедура проверки показала обратное: большей части этих меток не удалось пройти сверку с первоисточником. Судьи всё это время были правы.

Эта статья не столько о детекторе и не о предполагаемой слепой зоне, сколько о процедуре проверки, которая в итоге поймала нас самих.

В пятницу вечером менеджер получает письмо: нужно 200 метров ВВГ 3х2.5, не плоский. Открывает 1С, вбивает запрос и видит 47 позиций. Какой из них круглый, а какой плоский? Какой с оболочкой ок-0.66, а какой по ТУ? Ошибёшься и на стройке машину развернут.

На одну позицию уходит 4–7 минут. Пять позиций в заявке, двадцать заявок в день. К концу недели уже не в номенклатуру смотришь, а в стену.

Это классическая задача, на которой ломаются универсальные AI-агенты. Расскажу, как мы сопоставляем свободный текст клиента со справочником на 12 тысяч позиций.

Hostilities between US and Iran resume as US president lashes out at ‘vicious, violent people’. Plus the fallout from the USMNT’s exit from the Fifa World Cup

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Good morning. Hostilities have resumed between the US and Iran. Tehran accused the US of violating the agreement intended to end the war, after the US military launched strikes around the strait of Hormuz and revoked a temporary sanctions waiver for Iranian oil exports. The attacks were the latest in a string of ceasefire violations by the two sides, despite a truce that came into effect in April, and have led to an immediate 3% rise in oil prices.

Speaking at the Nato summit in Ankara, Donald Trump said the memorandum of understanding with Iran was over and called the country’s leaders “vicious, violent people” whom he would not deal with because they were, in the US president’s words, “scum”. He nevertheless appeared to indicate that talks would continue. Nato’s ⁠secretary general, Mark Rutte, backed the US attacks, saying: “When you ​have ‌a ‌ceasefire and Iran ‌is basically violating the ceasefire, I think it is ‌totally crucial that the ​US forcefully react.”

What occurred to break the fragile ceasefire? The US military said that it had hit more than 80 targets in the early hours of Wednesday in response to Iranian attacks on three commercial vessels ⁠passing through the strait of Hormuz on Tuesday. Iran responded by launching attacks on US military sites in Bahrain and Kuwait. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said 85 facilities had been targeted.

How could Democrats replace Platner? It is possible for Democrats to select a new Senate nominee in Maine, but the clock is ticking. To have a new candidate on the ballot for November’s midterm elections, Platner needs to end his campaign by 5pm ET on 13 July, according to state law. That would give the Democrats a two-week window – until 5pm ET on 27 July – to pick a replacement.

У врачей есть такой «философский камень» — клиническое мышление. Откровенно говоря, всем бы нам у лучших из них поучиться смотреть на симптомы отдельного человека в целом, не лечить симптомы, видеть незаметные знаки и связывать их с основным состоянием систем. В бизнесе это называют аналитическими способностями, но разница всё же есть. Иногда удивляешься, какая по сути мелкая пакость сломала рабочий процесс, привела к конфликтам или даже финансовым потерям. А заметь эту пакость сразу, и всё заиграет иначе: профилактика всегда дешевле лечения, хоть и требует труда и дисциплины. В общем, сегодня расскажу вам о мелких и неочевидных проблемах с CRM, которые могут пустить насмарку все старания по внедрению. Пустячок, а неприятно :-)

President calls Iranian leadership ‘scum’, rails against alliance, repeats demand for Greenland and threatens Spain

• Middle East crisis live – latest updates

• Europe live – latest updates

Donald Trump has declared that the ceasefire with Iran is over as he arrived at the Nato summit in Ankara, launching an angry broadside in which he complained about the military alliance and repeated his demand for Greenland.

The US president, sitting alongside the Nato secretary general, Mark Rutte, called Iran’s leadership scum and “sick people”, and added that he was “very upset” with the alliance and even threatened to cut off all trade with Spain in a row over defence spending.

Привет, Хабр! Я, Ольга Попова, ИИ-Евангелист Лаборатории искусственного интеллекта Департамента больших данных Россельхозбанка, подготовила дайджест новостей про ИИ. Поехали!

Modern forensic analysis leads to arrest in murder of traveling salesman John Warren, authorities say

Items that were found discarded behind a Cracker Barrel restaurant in Georgia in 1985 have led to charges against a suspect in an Ohio killing committed at about that time, investigators announced recently.

As told by authorities, the case centering on killed traveling salesman John Warren is among the latest in the US criminal justice system to illustrate how the application of modern forensic testing techniques on evidence collected decades earlier can lead to closure of cold murder cases.

Father of boy refused entry to pool says case is reminder that some Dutch do not acknowledge reality of racism

When Henri Duiker went to check whether his 12-year-old son and his friend were enjoying their first “disco” swim evening alone, he was baffled. Instead of being in the water, Henri’s son was standing alone by the desk at the Watergeus pool, in Zoetermeer in the Netherlands.

He did not have any ID to prove he was under 13 and pool attendants had told him he could not swim – although his friend of the same age and size had not been not asked for his documents.

Reboot your surplus zucchini as a condiment to complement just about any savoury plate

Mountain Feed is a super-cute garden nursery and store in Ben Lomond, California, with a blog I’ve followed for years (it teaches everything from bee-keeping to cheese-making) and which answers that age-old question, “What should I do with all this zucchini?!” in my favourite way – namely, through lacto-fermentation. Lacto-fermented courgettes are a great alternative to fermented or pickled gherkins, and perfect as a condiment alongside just about any plate of savoury food, especially when they’re spiced with lots of chilli.

Modern forensic science analysis leads to arrest in murder of traveling salesman John Warren, authorities say

Items that were found discarded behind a Cracker Barrel restaurant in Georgia in 1985 have led to charges against a suspect in an Ohio killing committed at about that time, investigators announced recently.

As told by authorities, the case centering on the killing of traveling salesman John Warren is among the latest in the US criminal justice system to illustrate how the application of modern forensic science testing techniques on evidence collected decades earlier can lead to closure of cold murder cases.

In 1955 Ellis was hanged for murder triggered by domestic abuse

For anyone involved in British politics, an invitation to be interviewed on Radio 4’s Today programme is the ultimate badge of seriousness. There are probably hundreds of MPs who have never made it onto the programme because they have not been deemed important enough.

But, as if to prove the point that the Clacton byelection really is a “farce” (see 7.59am), this morning Today had an interview with Count Binface, the serial joke byelection candidate who may turn out to be Nigel Farage’s main opposition in Clacton.

Probably not, but then you know my job is to celebrate and defend the wonders of British democracy.

And look at this, eh? The fact that you are interviewing me on the Today Programme, because all the other parties aren’t standing, says more about them than it does about me.

I don’t believe that single-handedly will tackle homophobia, racism or indeed any hate crime. But I do strongly believe that returning power back to people’s hands is a huge part of the role we should all be playing as elected public servants – and it’s how we build trust again.

Australia’s superstar striker returns to the US after a seven-year absence – and will find a vastly changed landscape

When Sam Kerr last played for the National Women’s Soccer League’s Big Apple-adjacent club, it was called Sky Blue and the playing conditions were abysmal. The Australia striker spent three years (from 2015-17) accruing accolades for a team bereft of locker rooms or running water at its training facility.

This month, she came back to a vastly evolved franchise that has won two NWSL Championships in three seasons while implementing a comprehensive overhaul of its players, personnel and prioritization of player conditions.

For young people, flaunting eye bags and bed rotting has become a cheeky rebuttal of body optimization culture

Picture a typical hangover: a morning spent curled under a comforter, chugging Gatorade and shame spiraling about what you might have said at the bar the night before.

Not so for the young people who are “romanticizing” their hangovers on TikTok and Instagram. Instead, they are flaunting their dark eye circles and raging headaches as the aftereffects of a good time, broadcasting their bad decisions to the world with a glowy sheen.

Three families in Los Angeles on the devastating aftermath of ICE detentions and deportations that overwhelmed their city last summer

Last summer, Angelenos began to vanish.

Armed, masked immigration agents plucked people off street corners and out of their workplaces, in parking lots and department stores. Partners and primary breadwinners, grandparents and children, carwasheros and coffee shop regulars were arrested, detained and deported – disappearing from their neighborhoods.

Father of boy refused entry to pool says case is reminder that some Dutch do not acknowledge reality of racism

When Henri Duiker went to check whether his 12-year-old son and his friend were enjoying their first “disco” swim evening alone, he was baffled. Instead of being in the water, Henri’s son was standing alone by the desk at the Watergeus pool, in Zoetermeer in the Netherlands.

He did not have any ID to prove he was under 13 and pool attendants had told him he could not swim – although his friend of the same age and size had not been not asked for his documents.

The disease will touch 92% of people globally, finds annual review, while ‘persistent’ inequities found to exist in access to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care

Remarkable scientific progress against cancer has changed very little for millions of patients globally, who face devastating physical, emotional and financial consequences after diagnosis, a new World Health Organization report has warned.

One person in five will develop cancer, according to WHO estimates, and the disease will touch 92% of people, either through their own diagnosis or that of a close family member.

До того как Карел Чапек придумал слово “робот”, Норберт Винер написал эпохальную “Кибернетику”, а Электро — прообраз Бендера Родригеса — выкурил первую сигару, человек сумел собрать некое подобие роботизированного интеллекта. И у этого странного поделия была не менее странная история.   

Есть два способа узнать, что вам пришло письмо. Первый — каждые тридцать секунд бегать к почтовому ящику и заглядывать внутрь. Второй — почтальон звонит в дверь, когда письмо реально есть.

Long Polling — это первый способ. Бот в бесконечном цикле долбит getUpdates на серверы Telegram: «есть что‑нибудь? а сейчас? а сейчас?». Telegram, надо отдать ему должное, держит соединение открытым и отвечает не мгновенно, а когда появляются апдейты — поэтому polling и называется long. Но суть не меняется: инициатор — вы, соединение висит постоянно, и весь этот механизм живёт внутри одного вашего процесса.

Webhook — это почтальон. Вы один раз говорите Telegram: «вот мой HTTPS‑адрес, стучись сюда». Дальше при каждом новом сообщении Telegram сам делает POST‑запрос на ваш эндпоинт с JSON‑апдейтом внутри. Нет сообщений — нет запросов. Нет запросов — нет расхода ресурсов.

Для пет‑проекта на пять пользователей разницы никакой, поллинг даже удобнее — не нужен домен и сертификат. Но как только бот становится частью нагруженной системы, вебхуки выигрывают по всем фронтам: апдейт прилетает мгновенно, а не в конце очередного цикла опроса; входящий трафик — это обычные HTTP‑запросы, которые можно балансировать между несколькими инстансами; и главное — бот превращается в обычный веб‑сервис, к которому применим весь стандартный инструментарий: Nginx, healthcheck'и, метрики, горизонтальное масштабирование.

VW to propose 100,000 job losses to board and says car plants could be put under foreign ownership to save jobs

• Europe live – latest updates

The German car industry has warned of a potential collapse of employment in the sector in Europe unless society and workers accept that “bold decisions” are needed to address competition from the Chinese and other rivals.

Volkswagen is preparing to formally propose up to 100,000 job losses, a move that has triggered a wave of protests.