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Pete Hegseth announced that soldiers aged 30 and older in the US military will be screened for low testosterone

The US defense secretary, ⁠Pete Hegseth, this week ordered an annual testosterone-deficiency screening for active-duty and reserve service members aged 30 and older, which he says will help to maintain military readiness.

But many medical professionals warn it might do nothing of the sort and instead could increase service members’ risk of infertility or lead to other consequences if testosterone is prescribed inappropriately.

Data shows 32,559 earnings-related overpayments in 2025-26 after DWP’s measures to end carer’s allowance scandal

Scores of unpaid carers were hit with demands to repay sums of more than £20,000 and hundreds more put at risk of prosecution last year as a result of official failures in what appear to be continuing problems with carer’s allowance.

New figures showed carers were asked to repay £33m in 2025-26 as a result of 32,559 earnings-related overpayments, despite the introduction of measures over a year ago designed specifically to prevent carers falling foul of the system.

Ukraine's prosecutor general, Ruslan Kravchenko, said investigators have recovered key evidence in the case of the attempted assassination of the Ukrainian businessman Vadym Iermolaiev in Monaco. Specialists from Ukraine's security services restored a surveillance-camera recording that suspects had allegedly attempted to destroy. According to the prosecutor general, the surveillance camera had been installed near the crime scene to obtain confirmation that the alleged contract killing had been carried out. He said the recovered footage was among key pieces of evidence in the investigation.

Jens Spahn had criticised ‘rented wombs’ and his party is strongly opposed to surrogacy, which is banned in Germany

A senior German politician and ally of the chancellor, Friedrich Merz, has resigned as parliamentary group leader of the Christian Democrat (CDU) party after he and his husband used a surrogate mother to become parents, a practice he has criticised in the past and his party is vehemently opposed to.

Surrogacy is banned in Germany, a policy Jens Spahn refused to relax when he was health minister in 2020, so he and his husband, Daniel Funke, used a surrogate mother in the US.

Protesters in Kyiv have called for the dismissal of Ukraine's commander-in-chief, Oleksandr Syrskyi, after Volodymyr Zelenskyy removed the popular defence minister Mykhailo Fedorov in a move to back Syrskyi. The Ukraine president defended his decision, saying there had been a 'challenging dialogue' between Fedorov and Syrskyi. The Guardian's Luke Harding reports

Jens Spahn had criticised ‘rented wombs’ and his party is strongly opposed to surrogacy, which is banned in Germany

A senior German politician and ally of the chancellor, Friedrich Merz, has resigned as parliamentary group leader of the Christian Democrat (CDU) party after he and his husband used a surrogate mother to become parents, a practice he has criticised in the past and his party is vehemently opposed to.

Surrogacy is banned in Germany, a policy Jens Spahn refused to relax when he was health minister in 2020, so he and his husband, Daniel Funke, used a surrogate mother in the US.

Rain could alleviate conditions in mid-Atlantic and north-east, with World Cup final expected to go ahead on Sunday

Warnings of dangerous conditions are expected to remain in place on Saturday across swathes of the US, amid uncertainty about where the heavy wildfire smoke swirling from the Canadian province of Ontario and the US state of Minnesota will head next.

Some parts of the US mid-Atlantic and north-east regions will continue to endure poor air quality until Saturday afternoon, where there is a high chance of thunderstorms, which could bring some reprieve from the poor air but come with other risks like flash flooding and high winds. Meanwhile, parts of the midwest and Great Lakes regions will continue to see dangerous air quality.

Air quality in North America has plummeted, affecting the health of millions of people across the continent

As smoke from hundreds of Canadian wildfires continues to spread across large parts of North America, bringing hazardous air to tens of millions of people, outdoor activities are being canceled, businesses disrupted and vulnerable residents kept indoors as officials warn the unhealthy conditions will likely persist.

Air quality alerts were issued across more than 20 US states as smoke from wildfires burning in south-central Canada, northern Ontario and parts of Minnesota drifted south. About 109 million Americans across the midwest, mid-Atlantic and north-east experienced unhealthy air this week.

MPs and industry experts say potential reorganisation will waste time at critical moment for AI and economic growth

Andy Burnham’s plan to scrap the government’s technology department has triggered an angry backlash from MPs, Whitehall officials and tech experts.

The incoming prime minister has asked officials to draw up plans to abolish the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology as part of a wider Whitehall shake-up.

• New Zealand 40-21 Ireland

• Hosts unbeaten in 32 years at Auckland venue

Andy Farrell rued an error-strewn display after Ireland suffered a 40-21 defeat to New Zealand in round three of the Nations Championship.

The All Blacks scored four first-half tries through Patrick Tuipulotu, Ardie Savea, Will Jordan and Asafo Aumua en route to stretching their remarkable unbeaten run at Eden Park to 53 Tests. Jack Conan crossed for Ireland in a punishing first half before Joe McCarthy and Hugo Keenan went over in an improved second period, with Sam Prendergast slotting all three conversions.

️ Qualifying updates from 3pm BST/4pm CEST
️ Russell ready to keep chasing down Antonelli at Spa
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Q1 here we go. David Croft and Martin Brundle discussing Red Bull tactics: can Hadjar, on a bottomless penalty, give Verstappen a helping hand in Q3?

After the heat of the Red Bull Ring and Silverstone, temperatures are barely above 20C in Belgium this weekend.

As Cuba swelters under six-month oil blockade imposed by US, tempers are fraying and unrest is growing

When Cuba’s national grid collapses, as it did for the third time in 10 days on Tuesday, a collective groan spreads across its cities and people wonder, again, whether the island’s antiquated electricity system may soon become unrecoverable.

The 777-mile long Caribbean island of 9.5 million people has been sweltering under a six-month-long oil blockade imposed by the US, part of a pressure campaign to bring down its communist government. But the parlous state of Cuba’s infrastructure goes far further back.

️Ryan Fox shot 62, Rory blasted Bryson, Sam Burns quietly took charge
️Official leaderboard
️McIlroy lashes out at DeChambeau over penalty row

It’s the same old story for Rory McIlroy: he just can’t keep any momentum going this week. He follows that chip-in eagle on 9 with bogey at 11. Back to -1, and a second Claret Jug continues to hover out of reach. At least he’s got one. Jon Rahm has a strangely underwhelming record at the Open: a couple of high finishes in 2019 and 2023 without ever really looking likely to win. And it’s threatening to happen again. He carves his opening drive over the bushes to the right and out of bounds, and starts with a double-bogey six. His fume is internal, but it is real, registering eight-and-a-half out of ten on Bryson DeChambeau’s patented R&A-o-meter™.

Ryan Fox speaks to Sky. “The game plan was to be aggressive … I hit driver a lot … your strategy changes with the wind around here … I had a couple of interesting shots on the back nine and kinda got away with them … pretty happy with 62 in the end, that’s for sure … had a lot of fun with [Xander Schauffele] … he played really well too and we kind of fed off each other … was pretty happy to make par [on 18] from that fairway trap … I haven’t really put four rounds together [at the Open] … hopefully this is a sign … I’m in a pretty good place to give myself a chance so we’ll see what happens!”

Hot summer days call for a pasta dish that’s treated like salad leaves – tossed gently through a fresh, room-temperature sauce

In her encyclopaedic but not at all stuffy book about Neapolitan food, Jeanne Caròla Francesconi provides half a dozen recipes for pasta with raw tomato sauces suitable for hot days. The one I always notice is vermicelli all’insalata, because of the arrangement of the words. Not the familiar insalata di pasta (pasta salad), but all’insalata (like a salad), which serves as a reminder that, as with salad, the important thing with this family of recipes is that the pasta is treated like leaves of salad and tossed gently but thoroughly with plenty of tasty and suitably cut condiments and dressing.

The dressing in this instance is the result of mixing two recipes that we used to make during cooking lessons on hot days at the old Latteria Studio: pasta with courgette, and pasta with double tomato sauce. The courgette softened in plenty of olive oil with spring onion is the warm part of the recipe, while a raw and juicy salsa of tomato, garlic and herbs provides the room-temperature element.

U.S. presidents have promised short, decisive wars in Afghanistan, Iraq and Iran. All have proved much more difficult than advertised and fallen far short of the political goals set at the beginning.

(Image credit: Brennan Linsley)

• Australia 57-10 Italy

• Hosts kickstart Nations Championship campaign with first win

The Wallabies have ended the Joe Schmidt era in style, blitzing Italy 57-10 in Perth to end their six-game losing streak in emphatic fashion and give longsuffering fans a glimpse of the riches new coach Les Kiss inherits in the bid for the 2027 World Cup.

Despite Italy coach Gonzalo Quesada being suspended by World Rugby for labelling French referee Luc Ramos as “super poor” in the Azzurri’s 47-17 loss to the All Blacks last week, the world No 10 side were expected to trouble the Wallabies, as they had in their shock victories in 2022 and 2025. Instead they walked into an ambush.

Physicists have longed for a theory of everything, a single framework that would explain every force in the universe. After the better part of a century, they’re still looking. But social science, improbably, may have beaten them to it.

In 2021, three British writers — John Myers, Sam Bowman, and Ben Southwood — published an essay in the progress-minded site Works in Progress arguing that a startling share of what ails the modern West comes down to one thing: too few homes built where people want to live. Slow growth. Widening inequality. Falling fertility. Obesity. Even climate change. They look like separate problems with separate causes, until you notice that each one gets worse when housing gets scarce. The authors called it “the housing theory of everything,” and five years on, the case has only gotten stronger.

The mechanism is simple: where you can afford to live determines your job, your commute, your family size, your neighbors, your politics. Make homes scarce where opportunity is, and every one of those suffers. 

As I wrote back in 2022, once you begin to understand the housing theory of everything, you start to see it everywhere. One estimate from the essay puts the cost of building restrictions in just three cities — New York, San Francisco, and San Jose — at 8.9 percent of US GDP, about $8,775 per American worker per year. And today a record 22.6 million renter households, or half of all renters, now spend more than 30 percent of their income on housing.

It’s not supposed to be this way. Since the 1970s, nearly everything material in American life has gotten cheaper measured in hours of work — a television fell from 60 hours of labor to 7 — while the house you put it in went the other way. If you’ve ever wondered why decades of genuine progress don’t feel like progress — a major obsession of this newsletter — housing is a big part of the answer. The gains are real, but our rents and mortgages are eating them. 

That’s the bad news. Here’s the good news.

A new law for our single biggest problem

What made all this feel so depressingly unfixable is that no one seemed positioned to fix it. Zoning is controlled by thousands of city councils and planning boards, each answerable to neighbors with a vested interest in scarcity, since for most American homeowners, the housing shortage bolsters their net worth. And Congress had simply left the field, going roughly 30 years without passing a major housing law. 

Then, over about three weeks this summer, lawmakers acted. On June 22, the Senate passed the 21st Century ROAD to Housing Act 85-5. The House followed a day later, 358-32, and after President Donald Trump chose not to veto it, the bill automatically became law on July 11. The ROAD Act is the most significant housing legislation in decades, and the first built squarely on a basic YIMBY premise that cuts to the heart of the housing theory of everything: Homes are expensive because America made them too hard to build.

The act stitches together more than 60 separate bills, 36 of them bipartisan, negotiated by Sen. Tim Scott (R-SC) and Sen. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) along with Rep. French Hill (R-AR) and Rep. Maxine Waters (D-CA). Its centerpiece, the Build Now provision, ties federal block-grant money to results: cities that add homes get more, cities that block them get less, and a $200 million annual innovation fund rewards measurable increases in supply.

The rest of the bill takes scissors to the red tape strangling housing. The law streamlines federal environmental review for housing the federal government itself helps fund. It directs the Department of Housing and Urban Development to write guidelines for single-stair apartment buildings up to six stories — a small-sounding change that my colleague Rachel Cohen Booth has called “a deceptively simple reform that could unlock more housing.” And it ends a 1970s-era rule requiring factory-built homes to sit on a permanent wheeled chassis, a mandate that added thousands of dollars per unit and helped keep the cheapest form of American housing out of most neighborhoods.

What’s revolutionary here isn’t the elements of the bill — which are still largely small-bore compared to the scale of the problem — but the acceptance of the basic YIMBY idea that, as Republican Sen. John Kennedy of Louisiana said, “If we had more housing, the price would go down.” Ben Metcalf of UC Berkeley’s Terner Center told the New York Times the law was “catch-up on 30 years of policy,” while Laura Foote, executive director of YIMBY Action, put it more simply: the law is a triumph “simply because it exists.”

The states ran the experiment first

Congress may be late to these YIMBY ideas, but it has the benefit of knowing they have been tested. One of the best examples is in Auckland, New Zealand, which upzoned three-quarters of its single-family land in 2016, rewriting the rules so those lots could hold apartments, not just one house each. Construction roughly doubled within five years, and a study published last year estimates Auckland rents are now about 23 percent lower than they would have been without the reform.

The American version of Auckland — with better tacos — is Austin, which spent a decade legalizing apartments, killing parking minimums, and shrinking minimum lot sizes. The Texas city added 120,000 homes between 2015 and 2024, growing its housing stock by 30 percent. As my colleague Marina Bolotnikova reported this spring, Austin rents fell 6 percent in a single year, more than any other large US metro, with the fastest declines in older, cheaper buildings — exactly where relief matters most. 

Other states have noticed. California exempted most urban infill housing from its famously litigious environmental review law. Montana passed its “Montana Miracle” package, legalizing duplexes and backyard apartments on land that had allowed only single houses. Texas legalized homes in commercial zones statewide. 

Red states and blue states are coming to the same diagnosis about solving the housing problem: build more. The new federal law mostly just tells them to keep going.

Why your rent won’t drop tomorrow

It’s a sign of just how terrible federal housing policy has been for so long that what is ultimately a pretty modest law is being greeted so rapturously. 

The ROAD Act notably contains almost no new money — its final section is literally titled “No Additional Funds Authorized.” Zoning, which can make or break housing, remains a local power. The law mandates nothing; it nudges with grant formulas, which a determined city council can shrug off. The New York Times’ Conor Dougherty, one of the top reporters on housing, judged it “unlikely to do much to blunt the high cost of rent and ownership in America anytime soon.” Mortgage rates have been stuck above 6 percent since 2022 — as I could show you from my own mortgage statements. National homebuilding has barely moved, and forecasters expect little change this year.

Experience shows that a problem big enough to be a viable theory of everything is going to need more than one reform. Minneapolis famously ended single-family zoning in 2018, and only got a modest building response, because a dozen other rules still stood in the way. What worked in Auckland and Austin was the full stack — density plus permitting plus parking plus lot sizes. Housing, as advocates put it, is a door with many deadbolts; this law unlocks the federal ones and hands the states a better set of keys. The others are still bolted.

Usually with this newsletter I like to point at progress that has already arrived but gone unnoticed. Housing is the opposite case: The problem is exactly as bad as everyone feels it is, and what arrived this month is agreement about why. America spent 40 years treating expensive housing like the weather: unfortunate, unchangeable, nobody’s fault. It has taken five years for that diagnosis published on a magazine website to become a universally praised act of Congress.

The ROAD Act won’t pour a single foundation. What it did do was build the consensus upon which the next few million of them will be built. And consensus, in American politics, is the material that takes the longest to set.

A version of this story originally appeared in the Good News newsletter. Sign up here!

Retired pilot Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger is known for safely landing an airplane on the Hudson River in 2009. This week, he announced that he has Alzheimer's disease.

(Image credit: Chip Somodevilla)